This presentation dives into the cyber-physical domain—where sensors, controllers, networks, and code blend into one ecosystem. It breaks down what CPS really are, how they work, and why securing them is no longer just about protecting data, but about protecting physics.

We explore how IT/OT convergence quietly created hybrid machines that run factories, pipelines, and critical infrastructure. In this world, software isn’t just logic—it's the invisible hand that controls valves, pressure, chemistry, and safety.

We then jump into a live demo: a hands-on attack against an industrial process, showing how tweaking parameters or reprogramming a PLC can bend the physical world to the attacker’s will.

Finally, we cover how to defend in this new era of machine-driven environments: deep OT visibility, process-aware detection, proper segmentation, secure engineering practices, and practical tactics that actually work when code meets physics.