Session

Post-Training Infra for Everyone Else

Everyone wants to post-train agents now, but the infrastructure story is still shaped around expensive, compute-heavy workloads: frontier coding agents, long-running containers, and clusters where environment cost is a rounding error.

That is not where most companies will start.

A lot of teams will want to train, fine-tune, or benchmark narrow agents for their own workflows: customer support agents, internal ops agents, sales agents, workflow automation agents, repo-specific coding agents. These environments are often not CPU-bound. They spend most of their time waiting on LLM calls, APIs, databases, queues, filesystems, and reward checks.
So why does every environment need to be an always-on container?

This talk introduces Flarbor (the name is subject to change), an early experiment inspired by Harbor that asks whether RL environments for I/O-heavy agents can run on serverless primitives instead. Flarbor uses Cloudflare Durable Objects for stateful environment lifecycles, Project Think for the agent harness, `@cloudflare/shell` for workspace/filesystem support, Dynamic Workers for sandboxed code execution, and containers only as an escape hatch when the environment actually needs a Linux toolchain.

I’ll walk through what an RL environment looks like in practice: tasks, trials, tools, state, trajectories, reward functions, retries, and batch benchmarking. Then I’ll show where a Durable Object-based design changes the cost and scaling model: hibernation while waiting on model responses, cheap parallelism, durable state without managing a container per trial, and faster startup for lightweight environments.

This is not a claim that containers are bad. Harbor is a great model, especially when the environment really needs OS-level execution. The point is that containers should not be the only default. If post-training becomes something every company does for its own agents, we need environment infrastructure that is cheap enough and parallel enough for everyone else too.

Rohan Mukherjee

Systems Engineer at Cloudflare

Bengaluru, India

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