Knowledge management is a mature area of research in organizational sciences and information systems that investigate methods and processes to improve knowledge of individuals and collective knowledge of institutions. A critical driving force behind many ICT4D projects is the goal of reducing knowledge gaps in low resource countries. However, theoretical foundations of knowledge management literature and its best practices have not been clearly articulated or transferred to the domain of ICT4D. As technologies continue to flatten knowledge boundaries, improving knowledge outcomes will require greater attention to the implications of knowledge management in the design of ICT4D solutions, development of individual knowledge, creation of knowledge networks and management of organizational change practices. To address this literature gap, we conducted a multi-stage Delphi study involving ICT4D experts from global non-profit organizations and academics, as well ICT4D beneficiaries. From a theoretical lens of knowledge value chain, our study provides insights into the challenges and factors that impact the creation, storage, distribution, and application of knowledge in ICT4D projects. Our findings provide guidance on improving knowledge management practices in ICT4D projects for a variety of stakeholders that include researchers, ICT4D practitioners, software developers, non-profit organizations, and funding agencies.